![]() ![]() ![]() 15 at the input power of 0 and 10 dBm respectively. Note that the diodes are HSMS2850, chip capacitor is 100 nF, and frequency is 2.45 GHz. load resistance of the fabricated clock rectenna prototype. The measured and simulated RF-DC conversion efficiency at two input powers vs. Note that the diodes are HSMS2850, chip capacitor is 100 nF, and load resistance is 1000 Ω. frequency of the fabricated clock rectenna prototype. The measured and simulated conversion efficiency versus frequency are given in Fig. While the efficiency is above 50% for input power varying between 0 and 12 dBm. The peak efficiency is around 65% at 10 dBm input power. A 1000 Ω load resistor is used here to obtain these results. input power using the aforementioned clock rectenna design are provided in Fig. The efficiency at the bands of 1.4 -1.5 and 2.2 -2.8 GHz is relatively stable, which means that impact on performance due to the antenna impedance variation is relatively. The minute hand has an impact on the performance at 2 GHz while the performance at 1.2 GHz is more dependent on the condition of the hour hand. This is due to the impedance variation of the clock antenna over the time. 12, it can be seen that, the conversion efficiency is slightly changed for different cases at around 1 - 1.2 GHz and 2 GHz. ![]() 10 (b), the input power and load resistance here are set as 0 dBm and 1000 Ω. Finally, the simulated conversion efficiency of the complete clock rectenna for the two groups of clock hand cases is depicted in Fig. The detailed approach of this step is identical to the method of getting the results in Fig. Afterwards, the antenna impedance is utilized to obtain the RF-DC power conversion efficiency of the rectenna with the aid of the ADS software. The antenna impedance of the proposed clock under the aforementioned cases is first analyzed using the CST EM simulation, which is similar to the process of getting the results of Fig. cases may include the majority of the clock hand scenarios. Consequently, the AWEH function could be effectively integrated to the quartz clock products by feeding the clock using a simple rectifier (as depicted in Fig. Furthermore, by using the latest technology of inherent impedance matching between the rectifier and antenna, we could also get rid of the complex impedance matching network. In this way, we could eliminate the need of a large wideband receiving antenna for the rectenna system as given in Fig. Moreover, it is also found that the dimensions of the clock hands are electrically large enough (compared with the wavelength) to cover the majority of existing RF bands such as GSM 900, 1800, UTMS2100 and ISM 2.45 GHz. If these metal parts could be utilized wisely, the clock itself could be regarded as an antenna without the need of adding additional radiating elements. on the structural analysis of a typical quartz clock as discussed in Section II, it is found that the dimensions of the metal parts (e.g., spindle, shaft, and clock hands) are almost fixed for different clock products. ![]()
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